Mating plugs are found in almost all groups of animals, from tiny nematodes to some of our closest primate relatives. Due to the often-contrasting needs
Sexual cannibalism represents perhaps the most extreme form of conflict between the sexes. This kind of behaviour is observed in several species of praying mantids
Traumatic mating has evolved repeatedly in several animal phyla. It is most common among arthropods – invertebrates with exoskeletons. Many kinds of behaviours fall into
In the majority of cases, female pheromones are produced in order to communicate sexual maturity to prospective partners. For many invertebrates where prospective partners have